Production of ddt



Oct. 20, 1953 C, HAYWARD 2,656,396

PRODUCTION OF` DDT Filed June so, 1949 COALESGED DDT INVEN TOR. CYRIL HAYWARD lex/WS? ATTOR EY Patented Oct. 20, 1953 UNITED PRODUCTION 0F DDT Cyril Hayward, Tarentum, Ba., assigner-to. The, Pennsylvania. Salt` Manufacturing Company w'norati'on of. Bennsxllhiladelnhia, Pa, a vania ApplicationJunefll;.1949 SerialiNo...10%.43

This. invention. relates to; a, process for. produce. tion of a DDT product in.. a. hard, brittle, solidA form.

DDT (this term is generally used to denote 2,2;-bis (p-chlorophenyl) -l,1,.1trichloroethane as. Well as crude products. predominating inf this compound)` isl a. synthetically. produced: Organic. material which may.y be` mada for. example,l by. condensing chlorobenzene with chloral. The dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneI product; ofA such.v

synthesis is generallyl recovered in. theforrn of a. melt .which isrthensolidfed., eJ g, coolngpans, to the waxy solid which is. the characteristic. form of this material, previously available. The

waxy natureyofr this material is particularly prof! 1 past it has-b een ycornrrlon. tofmixthe -materialwith solid carbon dioxide in order to chillV` the waxy.. solid to a` temperaturewhere it. becomes-brittle. and then grind this. mixture?. of. chilled, dichloror4 diphenyltr-ichloroethane: and. solidcarbon. dioxide. Such grinding.operationsiobviously require special. equipment andy areicostlyto .carry out.

Inco-pending U. S. applicationSer. No. 696,478,y filed July-2l, 1945., now Patent No. 2,491,460, therehas been described a processv by. which a DDT product which woulda normally beVV obtained. as.,l

awaxy solid may be producedilha very. desirable.

friable solid form by cooling the DDIT; productquickly; i. e.,withinfive orten minutesfandpreferablyalmost instantaneously, from a tempera.-f ture above its setting. point to: a temperature. below about50? or 60 C., and subjectingY the. material` to agitation at least during. the initial.3 stages of solidication. Eatent No, 2,491,16Q.de. scribes severalprocedures for carrying out. thisl cooling and solidifying ofhDD'IT, includihgeontaot.. of the DDT with. a solid surface. with. relative. movementby scraping or other means, spraying; the DDT intoaninertgaslor liqudmedium, dur-i. ing Whichsolidificationis initiated,,andyespeciallyf pouringI the molten DDT iI.1to,a.b.ody .of*A waterof:A

6: Claims. (Cl. 26,0.-645).

^ suiieientquantty andlo adeqllatelylowtempera.-

ture to 0.0.01 theDD'I very quickly tothe tempera?. tureindicated. the-body oi- Water. and. DDT beine. vigorously. agitated; during the. cooling, for. ex-

ample; by means of .a rotating paddle agitator.

The. DDI?. is. thus; transformedr into theA desired friable-product: usually. obtained inthe form of. lange-lumps.

I`` have; now. discoyered. a particularly advantageous procedure, fon canrying, out. the, cooling andsolidicationof; Batent.No..2,fia1,1Q by which.

the desirable. hard.. brittle, friable form. of-v DDT may be obtained, emnloxine. an.- aqueous, or other liquid heat transferV medium. at a minimum raflvllel.y and. handling oost.. and, with the. occlusion.

of.. a minimum-f of water or other. heat transfer liquid Withinthe/ mass of, product obtained'. My

process involves. the steps.. of., (a), extruding ther molten. DDT through a. discharge opening de- A signed tobreak. up thev DD'I) into. a. largenumber of separateparticleaor laments into. a body of heat.. transfer liquidthe dischan-aiel opening, prei-- erably being1 located, beneathsthe. surface. of the..

body of. liquicLthe liquid; preferably beingmaintained either. in. a substantially quiet state. or flowing` slowly without. turbulence past. the. dis.-

chargedg DDU? and( the liquidi. temperature beinet maintainedbelow aboutit? C.x preferably below aboutA 30 0.,. and:` most, advantageously below.

aboutzlf CmparticularlyWhenthe liquid..isj'l'oW.-v ing, (12). permitting.. the. extruded DDT. to. falli. through. the., liquid, without` additional. agitation. to form a body of DDT which isdn. acoalgesced7 :fluidcondition,vv and (c), permittingY the.. body of coalesced fluid DD'I tofhardenwthoutadditional..

agitation.v

Ih the. aceompanyingdrawina. tbasingle. figure is a. diagrammatic representation. of an, elextation` of.. oney form. of.. apparatus .for the.- batehwisepro.-

ductionof DDT in a.hard,.friable.solid.form ac.-V

cording` to. my, new. process..

Ihaye found, it. important. in. order to obtain.

the. advantages. above.. pointed. out, that the dis.-

chargeV andithe breakina up ofthe. moltenDDT;

be carried. out.. inl sucha.. way. that. only. minute.

oarticles-ofDDT aredisehargedihto-the body. of.'

liquid.anditY is also.. important, in order to. ob.`

tainmy ad.vantagesthat.theyliquid.bernaintahedL at the above. indicated. temperatures. and prefs u erably in the. quiescent or.. noneturbulent. flow..

statefaboye described. The; discharge.- and-.breake ing upfot themoltenfDD'Il may bei accomplished.

forl example,- ,byfforcingA the moltenDDIi through relatively small orificesL a conduitpositioned.

beneath. (or: just above) the: surface ot thebcdy.

3 of liquid. By forcing the molten DDT under pressure, for example, through an orifice of less than one-eighth inch diameter (for example, in a disc-type spray nozzle having an orifice of about one-sixteenth inch diameter) I have found the DDT breaks up to form a spray, a crosssection of the spray apparently consisting of hundreds or even thousands of separate particles or filaments of the DDT, each of extremely small dimension. Some turbulence of the heat transfer liquid generally occurs when the molten DDT is sprayed above the surface of the liquid, and in preferred operation, therefore, the spray discharge is carried out beneath the liquid surface.

I have also found it important in order to obtain the advantages of my invention that the filaments or particles of extruded DDT be permitted to settle through the liquid with little or no additional agitation than the moving contact of the particles with the liquid. The moving contact of particles relative to cooling liquid may be regarded as agitation; it is not a degree of agitation, however, that involves violent turbulence within the cooling and crystallizing DDT. It is a feature of my invention that a highly turbulent degree of agitation is avoided after the DDT has been discharged into the cooling liquid. As this spray settles through the liquid, the desired quick cooling takes place, and although I do not wish to be limited to any theoretical explanation, I believe initial formation of crystal nuclei probably takes place during the moving contact of DDT with heat transfer medium. Since the settling ordinarily takes no more than a few seconds, I have found that the DDT material is still fluid when it reaches the bottom of the vessel containing the heat transferliquid and can thus coalesce into a, continuous body of fluid DDT material. The body of coalesced fluid DDT which thus forms is believed to contain a large number of crystal nuclei distributed therethrough, despite its being in a fluid condition. In any event, the DDT product eventually recovered upon the hardening of this uid body (as more fully described below) is the desired hard, brittle solid showing surprisingly little occlusion of the heat transfer liquid, and is in a form easy to handle. It is a further important feature of my invention that the coalesced body of fluid DDT be permitted to set and harden without additional agitation of such violence as to cause marked turbulence within said body.

The process of the invention is applicable to any dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane product which, when cooled from a molten state by the usual method of relatively slow cooling in a pan without agitation, forms a solid at ordinary temperatures that does not have sufficient friability to be ground from lump form to 20 to 100 mesh particle size in a hammermill at ordinarily prevailing temperatures. This waxy form of DDT may also be recognized by applying standard ASTM method No. D-785-44'I to compressed tablets, as more fully described below. Such a material is referred to herein as normally nonfriable DDT. As used herein, the expressions DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaney dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane product and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane material all denote products in which 2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl) l,l,1trichloroethane is the predominant and important constituent, but which may contain minor amounts of other substances. Iny the claims, the expressions DDT material and DDT product are used in the same sense. As above pointed out, the somewhat impure technical grade dichlorocliphenyltrichloroethane obtained as the immediate product of synthesis, and containing about 70 to 85% by weight 2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-l,l,l,trichloroethane is particularly waxy and non-friable when solidified by usual means, and the process of my invention is particularly advantageous for producing such material in a desired friable form. The process of my invention, however, is also applicable to other dichlorodiphenyltrichloro ethane products; e. g., less pure and also partially puried dichlorodiphenyltrchloroethane ranging from as low as 50% up to 90% by weight 2,2 bis p chlorophenyl) 1,1,l trichloroethane content, whenever such products come within the class of normally non-friable materials as hereinabove dened. In all such products, the constituents other than 2,2bis(p chlorophenyl)-l,1,1trichloroethane consist entirely or predominantly of other reaction products of the DDT synthesis reaction.

In a preferred method of carrying out the process of my invention, a normally non-friable DDT in molten form is prepared and maintained in suitable molten state, for example by holding it in a tank where the temperature kcan be held at to 130 C. Molten DDT from this supply may then be fed to a spray head consisting of a horizontal pipe positioned, for example, at or near the surface of a body of water. From the sides and the lower face of this pipe, nozzles or nipples may project down close to or into the body of water. Molten DDT forced from these nozzles or nipples breaks up into the desired spray of minute filaments or particles which then fall through the body of water. A pressure is employed adequate to cause dispersion of the molten DDT into line particles in the particular nozzle design used. For example, pressures of 30 to 100 or more pounds per square inch are generally employed, and considerably higher pressure may be used in suitably designed equipment.

The body of water may be entirely still or, in an advantageous method of carrying out the process of my invention, may be flowing slowly, preferably with little or no turbulence, in a generally horizontal direction, whereby a fresh supply of water of the desired temperature is constantly being supplied. The water temperature at the point where the streams of molten DDT are formed is always below about 50 C. and is preferably below about 30 C.; when the water is flowing, it is preferably maintained at a lower temperature, most advantageously below about 27 C. A lower limit for the water temperature is not critical; although a temperature of 0 C. or below could conceivably be used, as a practical matter temperatures below about 15 C. are rarely used.

When filaments of DDT are formed as above described, I have found that these usually become somewhat discontinuous, thus forming elongated particles which continue to drop down through the body of water, finally being deposited in a mass at the bottom of the tank of water. As the material begins to drop it quickly reaches a transient taffy-like state, and usually this state continues until the material has been deposited at the bottom of the vessel, thus permitting coalescence into a continuous body of DDT, which without further disturbance eventually sets to hard, solid form. During the breaking up o the DDT into iine 'particles "or lani'ents and `the dropping of Vtliese through the heat transfer medium Vthe DDT duickly cools from above its setting point to below Iabout 60 I'no 'more than a'minu'te being reo'uired and usually one second or at most a few y"s'leeondsbeing sufficient to accomplish the settling Tand cooling.

As above stated, the DDT collectedlat-the bottom of lthe tank fis eventually found to bein 'the form of a 'solid "cake which can readily be `shattered, and which is 'thenthe very desirable lfrillble form of DDT rather than its normally waxy form. 'The mass of DDT thus deposited may be rremoved from the bottom of the tank batchewise by dumping, or by draining the water and breaking up and removingfthe lfriable DDT, or by having ya continuous conveyor lo'e'ltfon the bot tom of the tank and means for shattering the DDT cake after it hardens, thus removing the product continuously in a 'manner well known to one skilled inthe art. In `any case, tliefr-iable DDT is 'eventually obtained in lump fiorm 'and it has been found that these lumps contain much less occluded water than is the case when 'the friable DDT is water-cast with paddle agitation. For example, the product of my invention may contain as little as 0.5% occluded water.

Having now described 'the process in A'general terms and given some of the preferred conditions of operation, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Technical DDT, of the normally non-friable type, is held `in a suitable storage tank I in a molten state at a temperature of 100 to 130 C. Molten DDT from this supply is fed by pipes 2 to a pump 3 where pressures of 30 -to 100 or more lbs/sq. in. -are generated. The molten DDT under pressure is then conducted to a `manifold 4 Which lies under the surface of the water. Water or other heat transfer liquidis introduced through pipe '6 into tank l until the Asurface of the water 8 is at a level with a discharge "nozzle 9 from which the water overflows. The water may be added entirely 'at one time or the Water may be continuously introduced to the tank 1 as `may be required to maintain 'the desired temperatures ofthe coolant liquid, Water, as hereinbe'fore discussed. lThe manifold t has 'spray nozzles or nipples .projecting downward therefrom. The molten DDT is forced through lthe nozzles or nipples 5 which break up the DDT intov the desired spray l! which falls as minute fluid filaments or particles Il through the body of the water. The DDT laments or particles Il as they drop through the water to the bottom of the tank 'l are quickly cooled toa temperature from above 'its set point to below about 60 C. The DDT laments i l upon reaching the bottom of the tank l coalesce into a layer of DDT which eventually hardens into a non-waxy friable cake. The mass of DDT thus deposited vmay be removed from the bottom of the tank l by dumping' or draining the water and breaking up and removing the friable DDT.

As above stated, the friable dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane productis generally recovered as a solid of lump form. I have found that this solid material is surprisingly of lsuch a friable character that it may readily be ground at ordinary temperatures bythe usual typesof grinder; e lg., a hammerm'ilL etc., to ia powder more than 85% of which is nner 'than 100 'ni`esh or'fn'ay be air 'jet milled-to a powder averaging 2`1/2 microns 6,. particle size {these powder `terms `'of product may be stored and handled without undue caking. Eith #before io-r latter grinding, the' solid dried, prefe ably by heat g, 'with circulation of "ai-r, at la temperature b`e1owabout60 C., preferably below 55 C.; this 'temperature limitation Vis lfimportant, since the f-riable solid, when heated, is transformed to the known waxy form of product ata temperature in ftherne'ighborhood Y'of 60 C'. The iriable DDT "a 'crystalline material distingu-ishediin its properties from the "previously known sor-t, waxy 'form o'f lby-its hard, brittle t` '1 'Whnicoipresse tablets thereof are tested for hardness by the standard "ASTMmethod No. DeZS-lf employing the fstandard Rockwell hardness tester or that -inethod "To carry out suchft'e'st 50 gram samples -of ground DDT are com-pressed :into 'cylindrical discs iat 'a pressure of 5,000 pounds per squarein'ch -forming 'd-'iscs of oircular end faces 4 square inches in area and of 'approximate thickness v'0.55 inch. llSuch tablets formedfrorn the previously known waxy form of DDT are 'too 'sortito give a 'reading on the tester by fthe standard ASTM method above reiferred to. From tablets thus formed '-fromthe friable form of DDT, on the other hand, a reading can always be obtained on the Rockwell hardness tester by this standard ASTM method, and in the 1case of the preferred friable ADDT product v'made when the temperature is `below about 30? C., as herein disclosed, la positive R scale reading of hardness is vobtainedfin this test.

The friable material, and especially the v"finehf ground powder form in which it is readily produced, is mostV y'advantageous for agricultural uses'; e. g., in the compounding of insecticida-l dust mixtures. It is especially significant from the standpoint of agricultural economy that the well-known technicalgrade dichlorodiphenyltrie chloroethane 'which has heretofore -been 'produced only asa solid of pronounced 'waxy character can, by the process of my invention, be produced in this desirable friable form which is easily converted to a `powder of substantially lower caking tendency.

The following `examples are illustrative of the process of my invention.

Example 1 15 gallonsk of tap water (about '70 F.) was run into fa y steel drum `'201/2 in. inside diameter. lVIolten DDT was held 4at about 130 C. in a kettle. This was technical DDT, made by vthe usual sulfuric acid condensation of 'chloral and chlorobenzene, containing about 75% "of the p-"p" 'isomer, setting point A C. f solidified by cooling slowly in an open pan, this DDT would form a waxy solid.

l About 25 lbs. of this molten DDT was extruded through a small orifice into the 'drum 'of water, beneath the surface, forming silk-like :filaments of molten DDT believed 'to be 'of the order of 0.01 `inch or less in diameter. It was observed that lthe vproduct immediately after extrusion through the nozzle under water, settled to the bottom fof the tank. Its `consistency was that of half-cooked taify,` both slippery and sticky. The temperature 'of the water did not rise :above '83 F.

Within a naif hour the product had hardened into a 'solid brittle cake, porous and vwith some, but Very' little, 'occlude'd water. The physical characteristics of 'this "cake were ksimilar to 'hard taffy in that it broke sharply and appeared c ar'acte'r; that is, by the behavior of each ma-v amorphous (although exhibiting a crystalline X-ray pattern).

The top surface of the hardened cake was covered with tiny craters-apparently some occluded wated in the product had been squeezed out as it settled to the bottom and coalesced.

Example 2 A distributor pipe (about 1 inch diameter, about 12 feet long) was fabricated to pass across the middle (lengthwise) of a casting tray. This distributor contained eleven 45 nozzles coming out of opposite sides of the pipe alternately, the end of each nozzle being turned downwardly. Each nozzle orice was 3i-,4 inch in diameter. Material used in the entire system was steel or iron, excepting the nozzles which were brass.

The casting tray was dlled with water almost to the distributor pipe level, the nozzle outlets being below the water surface.

Molten DDT, as described in Example 1, was pumped directly through nozzles into casting pan filled with water, where it broke up into a spray of filaments or particles believed to be of the order of 0.01 inch or less in diameter. Tray filled t-o about 21/2" DDT on bottom in 40 minutes.

Running water, at a temperature ranging from 60 to 80 F., flowed slowly through the tray throughout the run and for 1 hour thereafter. The DDT in the mass at the bottom of the tray ranged in temperature from about 66 to 77 F. After one hour, material (DDT) was hard.

The Water was siphoned off, and the DDT chipped out. 1400 lb. DDT were in the batch.

Both the product iirst produced by the soldication in water and the nely ground powder product eventually separated, when dried, had the characteristics and feel of a friable, brittle, hard solid and appeared to be substantially nonwaxy in character. A sample of the same molten material slowly cooled in a pan and thereafter broken into lumps or otherwise subdivided, had the appearance of a wax and was entirely nonfriable in character.

Example 3 Technical DDT was introduced into a glasslined steam-jacketed dryer, and was stripped of monochloro-benzol by heating and steam distillation at a temperature of 215240 F. After all the monochloro-benzol had been driven off, the DDT was allowed to separate from remaining water, and the temperature was maintained around 215 F. A one-inch gear pump was then used to force molten DDT through spray nozzles into a large water bath.

The pumping system was equipped with a bypass from the pump discharge back to suction side in order to regulate the flow to obtain optimum cooling conditions and yet avoid plugging the nozzles with DDT. The pump pressure was maintained between 75 and 100 p. s. i.

Eleven disc-type brass spray nozzles, with an orice size of 0.055 inch, were equally spaced on a 1G foot `one-inch diameter brass header. In the injection of the DDT, the nozzles on this header were placed one inch below the water surface.

The casting pans were of zinc coated iron construction of the following dimensions. Length 12 feet, width 5 feet, and depth one foot. Two pans were used for each 3000 lb. batch, and were used consecutively, a total of six pans being used to allow time for drainage of Water between batches. About eleven inches of Water at 65 F.

n Ci

was placed in each pan prior to the starting of the casting process. Crane facilities were provided for handling pans. Sufficient water was added through a 3A inch pipe header drilled with 24 one-eighth inch holes to maintain constant temperature.

Depth of DDT in pan after casting was approximately four inches.

DDT ejected from the nozzles broke up into particles by the time it had traveled a few inches through the water. The DDT` settled to the bottom of the pans with a consistency of heavy molasses. The temperature of this mass was within a very few degrees of the water temperature. Approximately one and one-half hours were required for the DDT to set up. The water was then drained off, and the DDT broken up into four inch cubes. These chunks were then air dried before grinding in the hammermill.

Emmple 4 Molten DDT was discharged into water in equipment as described in Example 2 except that the spray nozzles outlets were elevated approximately 1/2 inch above the Water. Pressure on the feed line was maintained at p. s. i. Temperature range of the water was 66 F. to 75 F. The molten DDT together with possibly some entrained air caused some turbulence as it entered the water; as previously described the DDT broke up into thousands of laments which settled through the water except for a small portion of the DDT which rose to the surface. As this DDT gathered at the surface, it dropped to the bottom of the pans because of its own weight. After about 45 minutes, the body of DDIl in the bottom of the pans had hardened and was removed from` the pans approximately 2 hours after the spraying into water was inished. The product was porous and hard.

The product of each of the above examples, when tabletted and tested on the Rockwell hardness tester as above described, gave a positive R scale reading.

In the process of my invention above decribed, instead of water one may employ aqueous solutions of salts, surface active agents, or other materials having no deleterious effect on the DDT, or one may employ non-aqueous inert heat transfer liquids such as alcohols or other volatile organic liquids, previously saturated with DDT, such volatile liquids having the possible advantage of being more readily removed from the DDT product.

In the claims the term filament is used to include both the long, thread-like filaments sometimes obtained in the spraying of molten DDT and also the relatively shorter particles which nevertheless have a small cross-sectional dimension as compared to their length. The term turbulent agitation is used in the claims to denote disturbance of greater violence than is involved in the settling of DDT particles or filaments through cooling liquid and greater than the relatively minor disturbance involved in the coalesence of these particles or filaments into a continuous fluid body and expulsion of occluded water from this body by settling.

Since many modications are possible in the process of my invention as above described Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that the above description of my invention should be interpreted as illustrative, and the invention is not to be limited thereby.

I claim:

1. The method of producing a normally waxy DDT material in a hard, solid form, that involves discharging the DDT material in molten form into a heat transfer liquid in the form of iluid filaments of said material, the heat transfer liquid being maintained at a temperature below about 50 C., with moving contact of the DDT material relative to the heat transfer liquid to cool the DDT material quickly from above its setting point to below 60 C., the said heat transfer liquid having no deleterious effect on the DDT at the said temperatures, and thereaftenwithout turbulent agitation, collecting and coalescing the fluid filaments of cooled DDT.

2. The method of producing a normally waxy DDT material in a hard, solid form, that involves discharging the DDT material in molten form into a heat transfer liquid in the form of iiuid filaments of said material, the heat transfer liquid "I being maintained at a temperature below about C., with moving contact of the DDT material relative to the heat transfer liquid to cool the DDT material within a few seconds from above its setting point to below 60 C., the said heat transfer liquid having no deleterious effect on the DDT at the said temperature, and thereafter, without turbulent agitation, collecting and coalescing the fluid filaments of cooled DDT.

3. The method of producing technical normally waxy DDT in hard, friable, solid form, that involves extruding molten technical DDT beneath the surface of an aqueous heat transfer liquid in the form of uid filaments, the heat transfer liquid being maintained in a substantially quiescent state and at a temperature below about 30 C., with moving contact of the DDT relative to the heat transfer liquid to cool the DDT from above its setting point to below 60 C. within a period of a few seconds, the said aqueous heat transfer liquid having no deleterious effect on DDT at the said temperatures, and thereafter collecting and coalescing the cooled DDT and permitting it to harden without turbulent agitation.

4. In a method of producing a normally waxy DDT material in hard, brittle, friable, solid form, the step that comprises forcing the material in molten form through an orice located beneath the surface of a body of heat transfer liquid which is maintained in a non-turbulent state and at a temperature below about 50 C., said orifice being suiiciently small that the molten material is broken up into a spray of fluid particles, with moving contact of the DDT material relative to the heat transfer liquid to cool the DDT material quickly from above its setting point to below about C., the said heat transfer liquid having no deleterious effect on the DDT at the said temperature, and thereafter, without turbulent agitation, collecting and coalescing the fluid filaments of cooled DDT.

5. The method of producing a normally waxy DDT material containing from about 50% to about 90% by weight 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)- 1,1,1-trichloroethane in hard, solid form that involves spraying the DDT material in molten form beneath the surface of an aqueous heat transfer liquid, the heat transfer liquid being maintained in a non-turbulent state and at a temperature below about 30 C., and permitting the spray of fluid DDT material to settle through said transfer liquid to cool the DDT material from above its setting point to below 60 C., within a period of a few seconds, the said aqueous heat transfer liquid having no deleterious effect on DDT at the said temperatures, and thereafter, Without turbulent agitation, collecting and coalescing the fluid particles of cooled DDT and permitting the resulting mass to harden.

6. The method of producing a normally waxy DDT material containing from about to about by weight 2,2,bis(p-chlorophenyl)- 1,1,1-trichloroethane in hard, brittle, friable, solid form that involves spraying the DDT material in molten form beneath the surface of an aqueous heat transfer liquid as fluid filaments having an average cross-sectional dimension of the order of magnitude of less than a hundredth of an inch, the heat transfer liquid being maintained in a non-turbulent state and at a temperature below about 30 C., permitting the spray of DDT material to settle through said transfer liquid to cool the DDT material from above its setting point to below 60 C. within a period of a few seconds, the said aqueous heat transfer liquid having no deleterious effect on DDT at the said temperatures, and thereafter collecting and coalescing the cooled material and permitting it to harden without turbulent agitation.

CYRIL HAYWARD.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,484,792 Mollring Oct. 11, 1949 2,491,160 Bruce et al Dec. 13, 1949 

1. THE METHOD OF PRODUCING A NORMALLY WAXY DDT MATERIAL IN A HARD, SOLID FORM, THAT INVOLVES DICHARGING THE DDT MATERIAL IN MOLTEN FORM INTO A HEAT TRANSFER LIQUID IN THE FORM OF FLUID FILAMENTS OF SAID MATERIAL, THE HEAT TRANSFER LIQUID BEING MAINTAINED, AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW ABOUT 50* C., WITH MOVING CONTACT OF THE DDT MATERIAL RELATIVE TO THE HEAT TRANSFER LIQUID TO COOL THE DDT MATERIAL QUICKLY FROM ABOVE ITS SETTING POINT TO BELOW 60* C., THE SAID HEAT TRANSFER LIQUID HAVING NO DELETERIOUS EFFECT ON THE DDT AT THE SAID TEMPERATURES, AND THEREAFTER, WITHOUT TURBULENT AGITATION, COLLECTING AND COALSECING THE FLUID FILAMENTS OF COOLED DDT. 